- EAV
- Entity-Attribute-Value: Magento's data model, in which product attributes aren't stored in fixed columns but as freely extendable attributes. This is what makes the system flexible, and why it also needs a more powerful server.
- Indexer
- Magento collects prices, stock levels and category assignments into pre-calculated tables so the shop responds quickly. For large catalogues, indexing runs on a schedule, otherwise every change causes a slowdown.
- Cron
- The engine behind scheduled background tasks: indexing, sending emails, activating promotions, generating feeds. If cron isn't running, the shop appears to work, but a lot quietly stops happening.
- Varnish
- A full-page cache in front of the web server. The vast majority of visitors receive a ready, stored page, so PHP and the database don't even need to be loaded. It's practically essential for Magento 2.
- Redis and Valkey
- In-memory caches used to manage sessions and internal caching. Valkey is the open-source continuation of Redis, and newer Magento versions recommend it.
- OpenSearch
- The engine behind the shop's search and filters (layered navigation). Magento 2 doesn't work without it; newer versions are built on OpenSearch instead of Elasticsearch.
- Multi-Source Inventory (MSI)
- Combined stock management across multiple warehouses or pick-up points. You can define which source should fulfil an order, which is a key feature when running a physical shop alongside a webshop.
- Staging and preview
- Preparing and previewing scheduled content and price changes before they go live. Built into Adobe Commerce; under Open Source it can be replaced with a custom solution.
- Attribute set
- A bundle of properties assembled for each product type: size and colour for a shoe, author and ISBN for a book. Without well-structured attribute sets, filters and search become unusable.
- Hyvä
- An alternative, significantly faster Magento frontend layer in place of the built-in Luma theme. Worth considering when Core Web Vitals scores matter most.
- Composer
- PHP's package manager, used to install and update Magento and all its modules. It's the standard approach instead of copying modules by hand, and it's what makes the system's build traceable.
- Core Web Vitals
- Google's three user-experience metrics: LCP (when the main content appears), CLS (how much the page shifts around), INP (how quickly it responds to clicks). For a webshop, this is directly linked to conversion.